College tuition, diversity, and pay
Zahra Khoshmanesh, Vahid Aziziz, Saba Moeinizadeh
4/25/2020
College tuition, diversity, and pay
- Many people are interested to know about the tuition, costs, diversity and potential salary when searching for college.
- In this project, we want to analyze:
- diversity among schools across US
- tuition costs across different states
- historical trends of tuition
- average potential salary for graduates from different universities
- We have 4 datasets with 23 variables and more than 50000 observations.
Diversity dataset
## Rows: 50,655
## Columns: 5
<<<<<<< HEAD
## $ name <chr> "University of Phoenix-Arizona", "University of Ph...
## $ total_enrollment <dbl> 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 19...
## $ state <chr> "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizo...
## $ category <chr> "Women", "American Indian / Alaska Native", "Asian...
## $ enrollment <dbl> 134722, 876, 1959, 31455, 13984, 1019, 58209, 1903...
=======
## $ name <chr> "University of Phoenix-Arizona", "University of Phoe…
## $ total_enrollment <dbl> 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 195059, 1950…
## $ state <chr> "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizona", "Arizona…
## $ category <chr> "Women", "American Indian / Alaska Native", "Asian",…
## $ enrollment <dbl> 134722, 876, 1959, 31455, 13984, 1019, 58209, 19039,…
>>>>>>> Saba
| University of Phoenix-Arizona |
195059 |
Arizona |
Women |
134722 |
| University of Phoenix-Arizona |
195059 |
Arizona |
American Indian / Alaska Native |
876 |
| University of Phoenix-Arizona |
195059 |
Arizona |
Asian |
1959 |
| University of Phoenix-Arizona |
195059 |
Arizona |
Black |
31455 |
| University of Phoenix-Arizona |
195059 |
Arizona |
Hispanic |
13984 |
| University of Phoenix-Arizona |
195059 |
Arizona |
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander |
1019 |
Diversity categories
## [1] "Women" "American Indian / Alaska Native"
## [3] "Asian" "Black"
## [5] "Hispanic" "Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander"
## [7] "White" "Two Or More Races"
## [9] "Unknown" "Non-Resident Foreign"
## [11] "Total Minority"
<<<<<<< HEAD

=======

>>>>>>> Saba
Finding the most diverse campus per each diversity categories
|
category
|
university_name
|
state
|
enrollment_rate
|
total_enroll
|
category_enroll
|
|
American Indian / Alaska Native
|
Haskell Indian Nations University
|
Kansas
|
100.00000
|
808
|
808
|
|
Asian
|
Grace Mission University
|
California
|
95.45455
|
88
|
84
|
|
Black
|
Lane College
|
Tennessee
|
100.00000
|
1262
|
1262
|
|
Hispanic
|
Professional Hands Institute
|
Florida
|
100.00000
|
37
|
37
|
|
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander
|
Argosy University at Honolulu
|
Hawaii
|
49.73205
|
933
|
464
|
|
Non-Resident Foreign
|
Knowledge Systems Institute
|
Illinois
|
97.92746
|
193
|
189
|
|
Total Minority
|
Lane College
|
Tennessee
|
100.00000
|
1262
|
1262
|
|
Two Or More Races
|
University of Hawaii Windward Community College
|
Hawaii
|
40.13529
|
2661
|
1068
|
|
Unknown
|
Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts at San Francisco
|
California
|
90.27149
|
442
|
399
|
|
White
|
Rabbinical Seminary of America
|
New York
|
100.00000
|
500
|
500
|
|
Women
|
Spelman College
|
Georgia
|
100.00000
|
2135
|
2135
|
Finding the most diverse campus per each diversity categories
<<<<<<< HEAD

Diversity map of the US for each diversity Group

Women enrollment rate across the US

Tition cost dataset
## Rows: 2,973
## Columns: 10
## $ name <chr> "Aaniiih Nakoda College", "Abilene Christian U...
## $ state <chr> "Montana", "Texas", "Georgia", "Minnesota", "C...
## $ state_code <chr> "MT", "TX", "GA", "MN", "CA", "CO", "NY", "NY"...
## $ type <chr> "Public", "Private", "Public", "For Profit", "...
## $ degree_length <chr> "2 Year", "4 Year", "2 Year", "2 Year", "4 Yea...
## $ room_and_board <dbl> NA, 10350, 8474, NA, 16648, 8782, 16030, 11660...
## $ in_state_tuition <dbl> 2380, 34850, 4128, 17661, 27810, 9440, 38660, ...
## $ in_state_total <dbl> 2380, 45200, 12602, 17661, 44458, 18222, 54690...
## $ out_of_state_tuition <dbl> 2380, 34850, 12550, 17661, 27810, 20456, 38660...
## $ out_of_state_total <dbl> 2380, 45200, 21024, 17661, 44458, 29238, 54690...
=======

Diversity map of the US for each diversity Group

Women enrollment rate across the US

Tition cost dataset
## Rows: 2,973
## Columns: 10
## $ name <chr> "Aaniiih Nakoda College", "Abilene Christian Uni…
## $ state <chr> "Montana", "Texas", "Georgia", "Minnesota", "Cal…
## $ state_code <chr> "MT", "TX", "GA", "MN", "CA", "CO", "NY", "NY", …
## $ type <chr> "Public", "Private", "Public", "For Profit", "Fo…
## $ degree_length <chr> "2 Year", "4 Year", "2 Year", "2 Year", "4 Year"…
## $ room_and_board <dbl> NA, 10350, 8474, NA, 16648, 8782, 16030, 11660, …
## $ in_state_tuition <dbl> 2380, 34850, 4128, 17661, 27810, 9440, 38660, 53…
## $ in_state_total <dbl> 2380, 45200, 12602, 17661, 44458, 18222, 54690, …
## $ out_of_state_tuition <dbl> 2380, 34850, 12550, 17661, 27810, 20456, 38660, …
## $ out_of_state_total <dbl> 2380, 45200, 21024, 17661, 44458, 29238, 54690, …
>>>>>>> Saba
merge tuition cost dataset and diversity dataset
- we are interested to know whether there is any correlation between enrollment rate and each diversity group
- we did the exploration for both in state and out of state tuition in the next slides
Relationship between enrollment rate and in state tuition per each diversity group
<<<<<<< HEAD

Relationship between enrollment rate and out of state tuition per each diversity group

=======

Relationship between enrollment rate and out of state tuition per each diversity group

>>>>>>> Saba
Different types of colleges in US

How many collages are there in each state?

Comparing different states in terms of in state tuition

Comparing different states in terms of out of state tuition

Comparing in/out of state tuition (1/2)

Comparing in/out of state tuition (2/2)

In state tuition; different type of colleges; What is the relationship?

Out of state tuition; different type of colleges; What is the relationship?

Most expensive collages with out of state tuition

The chepeast Collleges in terms of out of state tuition

Most expensive collages with in state tuition

The cheapest collages in terms of in state tuition

The historical tuition dataset
270 observations and 4 variables
|
type
|
year
|
tuition_type
|
tuition_cost
|
|
All Institutions
|
1985-86
|
All Constant
|
10893
|
|
All Institutions
|
1985-86
|
4 Year Constant
|
12274
|
|
All Institutions
|
1985-86
|
2 Year Constant
|
7508
|
|
All Institutions
|
1985-86
|
All Current
|
4885
|
|
All Institutions
|
1985-86
|
4 Year Current
|
5504
|
|
All Institutions
|
1985-86
|
2 Year Current
|
3367
|
The historical tuition dataset
We observe that the data is available consistantly from 2000 till 2017.
## [1] "1985-86" "1995-96" "2000-01" "2001-02" "2002-03" "2003-04" "2004-05"
## [8] "2005-06" "2006-07" "2007-08" "2008-09" "2009-10" "2010-11" "2011-12"
## [15] "2012-13" "2013-14" "2014-15" "2015-16" "2016-17"
For convinience, we will consider the end of year.
## [1] 1986 1996 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
## [16] 2014 2015 2016 2017
Average tuition cost over time

Tuition comparison between 2 year and 4 year programs

Salary potential dataset
935 observations and 6 variables including:
|
rank
|
name
|
state_name
|
early_career_pay
|
mid_career_pay
|
stem_percent
|
|
1
|
Auburn University
|
Alabama
|
54400
|
104500
|
31
|
|
2
|
University of Alabama in Huntsville
|
Alabama
|
57500
|
103900
|
45
|
|
3
|
The University of Alabama
|
Alabama
|
52300
|
97400
|
15
|
|
4
|
Tuskegee University
|
Alabama
|
54500
|
93500
|
30
|
|
5
|
Samford University
|
Alabama
|
48400
|
90500
|
3
|
|
6
|
Spring Hill College
|
Alabama
|
46600
|
89100
|
12
|
<<<<<<< HEAD
Which states have the highest/least early career pay?

=======
Which states have the highest/least potential salary?

>>>>>>> Saba
Top 5 states
|
state_name
|
average_mid_career_pay
|
|
California
|
123976
|
|
New-York
|
122328
|
|
Massachusetts
|
115712
|
|
Pennsylvania
|
110884
|
|
Texas
|
103476
|
|
state_name
|
average_early_career_pay
|
|
California
|
67232
|
|
New-York
|
66688
|
|
Massachusetts
|
63100
|
|
Pennsylvania
|
60644
|
|
Texas
|
57468
|
<<<<<<< HEAD
Which states have the highest/least mid career pay?

=======
>>>>>>> Saba
Let’s take a closer look at Iowa
|
rank
|
name
|
state_name
|
early_career_pay
|
mid_career_pay
|
stem_percent
|
|
1
|
Iowa State University
|
Iowa
|
56100
|
101300
|
31
|
|
2
|
Drake University
|
Iowa
|
52800
|
99900
|
7
|
|
3
|
University of Iowa
|
Iowa
|
54100
|
99400
|
16
|
|
4
|
Grinnell College
|
Iowa
|
53400
|
96500
|
41
|
|
5
|
Allen College
|
Iowa
|
51600
|
91300
|
0
|
|
6
|
Cornell College
|
Iowa
|
49600
|
90600
|
22
|
|
7
|
Loras College
|
Iowa
|
48000
|
90100
|
14
|
|
8
|
Dordt College
|
Iowa
|
51000
|
89600
|
17
|
|
9
|
Central College
|
Iowa
|
49000
|
88800
|
36
|
|
10
|
Graceland University-Lamoni
|
Iowa
|
48300
|
88700
|
5
|
|
11
|
Simpson College
|
Iowa
|
49900
|
88600
|
17
|
|
12
|
Wartburg College
|
Iowa
|
49300
|
88000
|
34
|
|
13
|
Coe College
|
Iowa
|
47200
|
86900
|
24
|
|
14
|
Luther College
|
Iowa
|
48200
|
85900
|
21
|
|
15
|
University of Northern Iowa
|
Iowa
|
47100
|
85300
|
8
|
|
16
|
Maharishi University of Management
|
Iowa
|
46800
|
85200
|
65
|
|
17
|
Saint Ambrose University
|
Iowa
|
46900
|
84400
|
8
|
|
18
|
Northwestern College
|
Iowa
|
44800
|
82400
|
11
|
|
19
|
Morningside College
|
Iowa
|
44900
|
82100
|
6
|
|
20
|
Clarke University
|
Iowa
|
44900
|
80200
|
6
|
|
21
|
University of Dubuque
|
Iowa
|
44200
|
79700
|
7
|
|
22
|
Mount Mercy University
|
Iowa
|
47200
|
79000
|
4
|
|
23
|
William Penn University
|
Iowa
|
43900
|
78300
|
7
|
|
24
|
Upper Iowa University
|
Iowa
|
44200
|
78000
|
3
|
|
25
|
Iowa Wesleyan University
|
Iowa
|
42600
|
77200
|
8
|
<<<<<<< HEAD
Stem percent

=======
In Iowa, ISU has the highest potential salary

What is average stem percent across different states?

Conclusions
- Virginia has the highest women enrollement rate across different states
- Massachusetts has the highest in state tuition
- Private schools cost more than public schools
- Historical trend of tuition showed that tuition is increasing over time
- Califirnia and NewYork have the highest potential salaries
>>>>>>> Saba